Types of Expert Witnesses

In personal injury cases, the knowledge and supporting evidence that expert witnesses provide can significantly influence the outcome of a trial. There are several different types of expert witnesses that may be used for a case, each offering different specialized expertise and insight.

In this article, we will define what an expert witness is and explore a few common types of expert witnesses that personal injury lawyers typically rely on to strengthen their case and determine compensation amounts.

What is an Expert Witness?

There are a few different types of witnesses that may be utilized in a personal injury case, namely lay witnesses, fact witnesses, and expert witnesses. Expert witnesses provide specialized knowledge and skills within a specific discipline that help to uncover the facts of the case.

According to the National Institute of Justice, expert witnesses are the only type of witness that are permitted to give their opinion in testimony. However, these opinions must be supported by methodologies, research, and analytical investigation.

On the other hand, lay or fact witnesses testify about their firsthand experiences or observations of the event that occurred. Moreover, a lay or fact witness can be any person who happened to see the event occur, whereas an expert witness must possess education, training, and professional experience within their area of expertise.

Medical Experts

The first type of expert witness are medical experts. Perhaps the most commonly utilized type of expert witness, medical experts seek to provide insights regarding the nature and extent of the injuries sustained.

They will also provide information regarding the necessary treatment required, the rehabilitation process, and the long-term prognosis of the accident victim. Medical experts typically include physicians, surgeons, and therapists.

Accident Reconstructionists

The next type of expert witness is an accident reconstructionist. Accident reconstructionists are used in personal injury cases such as motor vehicle accidents and slip-and-fall accidents. They are responsible for analyzing the evidence of the accident in order to piece together the details and determine how it occurred.

They may use physics, engineering, forensic analysis, and environmental factors to determine what led to the accident occurring. 

Economic Experts

Another type of expert witness that may be used in a personal injury case is an economic expert. Economic experts play an important role in assessing the financial impact that the accident and injuries will have on the victim’s life going forward.

They will look into important finances such as lost income, diminished earning capacity, and any other expenses related to the incident. Moreover, economic experts work to ensure that the accident victim receives fair compensation for the financial hardships that resulted from the accident. 

Mental Health Experts

The last type of expert witness is a mental health expert. Mental health experts provide insight into the psychological and emotional effects that the accident had on the victim and may include psychologists and psychiatrists.

They will evaluate the psychological state of the victim, diagnose any conditions that may have resulted, such as PTSD, anxiety, or depression, and investigate whether the victim will need to be medicated.